Processing shiny mail pieces

ABSTRACT

Methods, apparatus, software and systems are disclosed for improved processing of mailpieces in order to reduce expensive manual steps. Shiny mail, i.e., mailpieces having glossy surfaces that sometimes interfere with printing of barcodes and or ID Tags may lead to rejects. In some embodiments, shiny mailpieces are identified, and at least one new (non-shiny) label is over-labeled in the POSTNET clear zone ( 108 ), the ID Tag zone ( 202 ), or both. In one embodiment, a specially-configured Reject Encoding Machine (REM) ( 1142 ) is employed to label or over-label a POSTNET clear zone ( 1110 ), resolve the destination address ( 1112 ) if possible, and print the barcode ( 1114 ) in a single operation. Thereafter, the mailpiece may be transferred from the REM into a downstream DBCS ( 1144 ), thereby re-introducing the mailpiece into the automated mail stream rather than being relegated to a manual stream.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of 12/543,990 filed Aug. 19, 2009 entitled “Processing Shiny Mail Pieces,” which is a continuation of pending U.S. application Ser. No. 11/932,970 filed Oct. 31, 2007 entitled “Mailpiece Reject Processing and Labeling,” which claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/856,425 filed Nov. 1, 2006, all of which are incorporated herein by this reference.

COPYRIGHT NOTICE

© 2006-2008 RAF Technology. A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material which is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever. 37 CFR §1.71(d).

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention pertains to methods and apparatus for sorting and handling items, such as mail pieces, and more specifically to improvements in automated processing of shiny mail pieces.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Glossary of Acronyms

Delivery Bar Code Sorter (DBCS) machine sorts mail in the order of a mail carrier's delivery route. This order is called the Delivery Point Sequence (DPS). However, some mailpieces are not processed on a DBCS because the POSTNET barcode (see below) cannot be resolved.

POSTNET (POSTal Numeric Encoding Technique) barcode is used to encode zip code information on letter mail. Newly labeled mailpieces may be sent to and run through a system running in an Input Sub-System (ISS) mode (e.g., a MLOCR or Advanced Facer Canceller System AFCS may be running in ISS mode or a DBCS may have been modified with an ISS kit).

Remote computer recognition (RCR) refers to a character recognition process that is operated separate from a mainstream mailpiece sorter machine. Remote Encoding Center (REC) refers to a physical facility where mail images are processed, typically of the mail pieces that are rejected for various reasons from the mainstream sorting process.

Reject Encoding Machine (REM) refers to any of various machines and associated software described herein for use in processing mailpieces where the mainstream sorting process did not succeed. Advanced OCR recognition system refers to a system for optical character recognition that employs advanced recognition software algorithms for resolving an address of a mailpiece.

Output Sub-System (OSS) refers to a mail piece sorting system, generally for sorting mail pieces in accordance with bar code information applied to each piece.

Referring now to the drawings, FIG. 1 is a front (address side) of mailpiece 100 having several areas reserved for addressing. With reference to FIG. 1, mailpiece 100 has postage area 102, optical character recognition (OCR) read area 106, POSTNET clear zone 108, and return address area 104. To illustrate, if address 314 (FIG. 3) is located within OCR read area 106, a multiline optical character reader (MLOCR) may be able to resolve address 314 and print a Postal Numeric Encoding Technique (POSTNET) barcode, such as POSTNET barcode 300 (FIG. 3), in POSTNET clear zone 108. The barcode may be printed directly onto the envelope, or onto a sticker or label affixed to the envelope in the clear zone, as further discussed later.

With reference to FIG. 2, ID Tag clear zone 202 is on the rear side (back side) of mailpiece 200. A unique ID Tag (not shown) may be applied to the back of mailpiece 200 (in ID Tag clear zone 202) to allow data to be matched with mailpiece 200 in subsequent automated operations. For example, if address 314 cannot be read by an OCR, an image may be captured and sent to a Remote Encoding Center (REC). A keyer (manual input person) at the REC can input address elements, such that the data base can look-up the correct zip code for that address and match that to the mail piece. The ID Tag allows the data to be matched with the specific mailpiece and POSTNET barcode 300 to be applied downstream (e.g. by an Output Sub-System).

Referring now to FIG. 3, POSTNET barcode 300 corresponds to address 314. Frame bars 302 and 312 begin and end the barcode sequence. POSTNET barcode 300 is currently an eleven-digit delivery point code representing zip code in field 304, plus-four code in field 306, delivery point code at field 308, and finally a check digit 310. Delivery point code 308 may be a specific set of digits between 00 and 99 such as the last two digits of a street address. The delivery point code 308, zip code 304, and plus-four code 306 result in a unique, numeric identifier for nearly every address served by the United States Postal Service (USPS). Check digit 310 essentially is a form of redundancy check used for error detection. Other POSTNET barcodes may also be applied to POSTNET clear zone 108, such as a nine-digit barcode representing zip code 304 and plus-four code 306, a five-digit barcode representing zip code 304, or a 4-state barcode where the bars represent four states (e.g., four lengths) instead of just two states (e.g., two lengths).

Although bar codes are currently in use by the USPS and are discussed herein by way of example, the inventive concepts disclosed in this application could be applied as well to systems and methods that employ other machine-readable or optically readable codes or markings in the POSTNET clear field and/or in the ID Tag field. We will use the term machine-readable indicia or “MRI” in the claims in this broader sense; MRI includes but is not limited to bar codes. It applies as well to other markings that can be applied to an article by automated machinery (printed, sprayed, etc.) and conversely can be recognized or read by machine.

Using an automated process to sort mailpieces is generally more cost effective than using manual labor. However, if address 314 is not resolvable (e.g., by an OCR or REC), the mailpiece must be manually sorted. Sometimes, shiny surfaces on a mailpiece can cause indicia applied during mail processing (destination indicia, barcodes, ID Tags, etc.) to smudge, smear or otherwise become unreadable, in whole or in part. When that occurs, the affected item may be rejected to receive expensive manual processing. The need remains for improvements in processing and labeling of mail piece items, including shiny mail pieces.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Shiny mail (e.g., mail with a high degree of gloss) can make a surface of the mailpiece non-porous and resistant to ink from both the barcode 300 sprayers and ID Tag sprayers. When barcode 300 or the ID Tag is applied to shiny mail, the barcode may smudge causing subsequent rejection by a POSTNET verifier or an ID Tag reader, and consequently such mail pieces may become rejects on an ISS, OSS, DBCS, or any other equipment that must read barcode 300, the ID Tag, or any other barcode.

Shiny mailpieces may be identified explicitly (by either manual or automated means such as measuring reflectivity), and then specially processed as explained herein. Or, they may simply encounter problems in processing that are not necessarily recognized as being caused by a shiny surface, although in fact that may be case. Embodiments of the present invention are intended to provide improved processing, and reduce manual sorting, in either situation.

In some embodiments, where a mailpiece has been identified as a shiny mail piece, it may be transferred to a machine for over-labeling with a (non-shiny) label to carry an identifier of the mail piece. Labels may be applied to the shiny mailpiece over a POSTNET clear zone or over an ID Tag clear zone, or in both locations. In some embodiments, the destination address may be resolved in an ISS system through the use of an ID Tag, and then a corresponding destination indication may be applied, for example by spraying or other printing, onto the non-shiny label in the POSTNET clear zone of the shiny mail piece. Then the over-labeled mailpiece can be sorted automatically rather than manually. In some embodiments, the over-labeling and printing steps may be carried out in an REM.

In some embodiments, a mailpiece may not be identified explicitly as shiny mail, but for various reasons the destination or identification indicia applied during processing may be unresolvable. Aspects of the present invention provide methods and apparatus for improved handling so that a greater proportion of such pieces can be “repaired” and returned to the mainstream sorting process, rather than being relegated to a manual stream.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a front view of an envelope showing a POSTNET clear zone;

FIG. 2 is a rear view of an envelope showing a ID Tag clear zone;

FIG. 3 is a POSTNET barcode illustrating an eleven-digit delivery point barcode;

FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating a process for over-labeling a clear zone;

FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a process for over-labeling a clear zone according to one embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating a process for handling first pass delivery point sequence rejects;

FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating a process for first pass delivery point sequence rejects according to one embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a flow chart illustrating a process for attempting to read and barcode mailpieces;

FIG. 9 is a flow chart illustrating a process for resolving an address of a mailpiece having an improperly aligned insert according to one embodiment;

FIG. 10 is a flow chart illustrating a process for processing mail having a high degree of gloss; and

FIG. 11 is a flow chart illustrating another process for processing mail having a high degree of gloss according to one embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Address 314 may not be resolvable because a bad image was captured of the mailpiece. For example, the image may not be readable, the image may not contain an address (e.g., the image capture device was not properly aligned or an insert was not aligned with a window of an envelope), there may not be sufficient contrast in the image, or the captured text may be too light. In addition, the OCR may not incorporate the correct algorithm needed to resolve the address.

According to one embodiment, instead of sending the mailpieces through a manual sort process, the mailpieces may be sent to a labeling machine having an on-board OCR engine, such as a Reject Encoding Machine (REM). The REM may over-label POSTNET clear zone 108 (e.g., apply a label over the clear zone). In addition, if a bad ID Tag is identified (e.g., the ID Tag cannot be resolved), ID Tag clear zone 202 may also be over-labeled. The REM may also incorporate an image capture device that may capture a resolvable image (e.g., the image capture device could have a higher resolution or use different optics, hardware, or software that allows a different image of the mailpiece to be captured). Furthermore, the OCR may be running different algorithms (e.g., orthogonal OCR engines). Accordingly, the image capture device or OCR of the REM may be able to resolve address 314 and apply barcode 300. The mailpiece can then be sent to a Delivery Bar Code Sorter (DBCS) for automated sorting. However, if the REM cannot resolve address 314, POSTNET clear zone 108 or ID Tag clear zone 202 may still be over-labeled for downstream processing. Therefore, the REM may save costs in terms of time and money by reintroducing mailpieces into the automated stream instead sorting the mailpieces by hand.

Labeling Machine Having an On-Board OCR Engine to Process Rejects

A Delivery Bar Code Sorter (DBCS) sorts mail in the order of a mail carrier's delivery route. However, some mailpieces are not processed on a DBCS because POSTNET barcode 300 cannot be resolved. For example, POSTNET barcode 300 may be illegible, due to smudging. In addition, noise or interference, such as stray marks, may be present in POSTNET clear zone 108. With reference to FIG. 4, one process is described that involves over-labeling an unresolved barcode to create a new clear zone. At step 400, mailpieces are fed into DBCS 422, which attempts to resolve POSTNET barcode 300 in POSTNET clear zone 108. If barcode 300 is resolved (e.g., zip code 304, plus-four code 306, delivery point code 308, and check digit 310 are read by a barcode scanner), DBCS 422 sorts the mailpieces at step 420 using barcode 300.

However, if barcode 300 cannot be resolved at step 400, DBCS 422 may attempt to resolve an ID Tag in ID Tag clear zone 202 at step 432. If the ID Tag is resolvable, at step 434 DBCS 422 will attempt to perform a data lookup to see whether any data has been stored for the associated ID Tag, such as a resolved address. At step 420, if data is found, the mailpieces may be sorted using the ID Tag data. At step 418, the mail carrier delivers the sorted mailpieces.

DBCS 422 may also attempt to resolve barcode 300 and the ID Tag for each mailpiece. The data associated with barcode 300 (e.g., zip code 304 and plus-four code 306 and additional delivery point designator 308) can be compared with any data that has been stored for the associated ID Tag. If the data are not consistent, the data associated with barcode 300 may be used instead of the ID Tag data (e.g., data loaded for the ID Tag). On the other hand, if barcode 300 is not resolvable, the ID Tag data may be used.

If, however, barcode 300 cannot be resolved at step 400 and the ID Tag is not resolvable or the ID Tag data is not available at step 432, the mailpieces will be placed in a reject bin of DBCS 422. At step 402, the rejected mailpieces can be sent to and run through Letter Mail Labeling Machine (LMLM) 424. At step 404, LMLM 424 may over-label (e.g., place a new label) POSTNET clear zone 108. In addition, the mailpiece may be run through LMLM 424 with a rear side of mailpiece 200 facing a labeler (not shown) to over-label ID Tag clear zone 202. Over-labeling step 404 provides a clear zone for barcode 300 to be applied in POSTNET clear zone 108 and for the ID tag to be applied in ID Tag clear zone 202.

At step 406, the newly labeled mailpieces may be sent to and run through a system running in an Input Sub-System (ISS) mode 426 (e.g., a MLOCR or Advanced Facer Canceller System may be running in ISS mode or a DBCS may have been modified with an ISS kit). At step 408, ISS 426 attempts to resolve (e.g., determine a full destination barcode 300) address 314. If address 314 is resolved, barcode 300 is applied (e.g. printed or sprayed) in POSTNET clear zone 108 at step 410. In addition, an ID Tag may be applied to ID Tag clear zone 202 if one is needed (e.g., the mailpiece did not have an ID Tag). The mailpieces can be run through DBCS 422 again for sorting. However, if at step 408, address 314 is not resolvable, another attempt may be made at resolving the address at step 412 (which may be on a separate machine 428). This may occur using a remote computer recognition (RCR), which typically takes longer (e.g., 30 seconds) and uses advanced OCR algorithms. In addition, an image of OCR read area 106 may be sent to a REC. If address 314 is resolvable at step 412, barcode 300 may be applied at step 414 in POSTNET clear zone 108. The mailpieces can be run through DBCS 422 again for sorting. However, if address 314 is not resolvable at step 412, the mailpieces can be sent to a manual sort center 430 for sorting by hand (step 416). At step 418, the mail carrier delivers the hand sorted mailpieces.

With reference to FIG. 5, a process according to another embodiment involves over-labeling and applying barcode 300 in one step. At step 500, mailpieces are fed into DBCS 524, which attempts to resolve POSTNET barcode 300 in POSTNET clear zone 108. If barcode 300 is resolved, DBCS 524 sorts the mailpieces at step 522 using barcode 300. However, if barcode 300 cannot be resolved at step 500, DBCS 524 may attempt to resolve an ID Tag in ID Tag clear zone 202 at step 532. If the ID Tag is resolvable, at step 532 DBCS 524 will attempt to perform a data lookup to see whether any data has been stored for the associated ID Tag, such as a resolved address. At step 522, if data is found, the mailpieces may be sorted using the ID Tag data. At step 520, the mail carrier delivers the sorted mailpieces.

DBCS 524 may also attempt to resolve barcode 300 and the ID Tag for each mailpiece. The data associated with barcode 300 (e.g., zip code 304 and plus-four code 306) can be compared with any data that has been stored for the associated ID Tag. If the data are not consistent, the data associated with barcode 300 may be used instead of the ID Tag data (e.g., data loaded for the ID Tag). On the other hand, if barcode 300 is not resolvable, the ID Tag data may be used.

If, however, barcode 300 cannot be resolved at step 500 and the ID Tag is not resolvable or the ID Tag data is not available at step 532, the mailpieces will be placed in a reject bin of DBCS 524. At step 502, the rejected mailpieces can be sent to and run through a labeling machine having an on-board OCR engine, such as Reject Encoding Machine (REM) 526. In addition, other mailpieces may be routed to REM 526. For example, if a system running in ISS mode is unable to resolve address 314 (e.g., the image is bad, the image is of insufficient quality, or the OCR does not incorporate the correct algorithm needed to resolve the address), REM 526 may be able to resolve the address using a new image acquisition and advanced OCR algorithms. At step 504, REM 526 attempts to resolve address 314. If address 314 is resolved, a new label (step 506) and barcode 300 (step 508) can be applied in POSTNET clear zone 108 in one step. However, other methods may be used to over-label POSTNET clear zone 108. For example, barcode 300 could be applied to the label before it is applied to POSTNET clear zone 108 of mailpiece 100. In addition, the POSTNET clear zone 108 of the mailpieces may otherwise be repaired. For example, POSTNET clear zone 108 could be resurfaced and barcode 300 applied to the new surface. Furthermore, if the POSTNET clear zone 108 does not need repair (such as when mailpieces are sent to REM 526 because address 314 is not resolvable), REM 526 may resolve the address and apply barcode 300. The mailpieces can be run through DBCS 524 again for sorting. Accordingly, sending the mailpieces to REM 526 provides for a quick turnaround and may allow the mailpieces to be re-run on DBCS 524 while DBCS 524 machine is still processing the batch of mailpieces from which the rejected mailpieces came (e.g., a first pass of Delivery Point Sequence (DPS) on a particular zone).

However, if at step 504, address 314 is not resolvable, a new label can be applied to POSTNET clear zone 108 at step 510. Furthermore, the ID Tag may be resolved by REM 526 and a database may be populated with information regarding the mailpiece. For example, if address 314 or part of address 314 (e.g., zip code 304 or plus-four code 306) were resolved by REM 526, the resolved address or partial data associated with the ID Tag may be stored. In addition, the mailpiece may be run through REM 526 with rear side of mailpiece 200 facing a labeler (not shown) to over-label ID Tag clear zone 202. If REM 526 was fitted with an ID Tag sprayer, an ID Tag may be applied to ID Tag clear zone 202. At step 514, a RCR or REC may attempt to resolve address 314 (this may be done on a separate machine 528). If resolved, barcode 300 may be applied at step 516 to POSTNET clear zone 108. The mailpieces can be run through DBCS 524 again for sorting. However, if address 314 is not resolvable at step 514, the mailpieces can be sent to a manual sort center 530 for sorting by hand (step 518). At step 520, the mail carrier delivers the hand sorted mailpieces. Therefore, if address 314 is successfully resolved (e.g., read) at step 504 and barcoded (steps 506 and 508), greater efficiencies may be achieved. For example, mailpieces initially rejected by DBCS 524 may be sorted more quickly and with less manual labor.

Reject Processing of First Pass DPS Rejects

As previously discussed, a DBCS sorts mail in the order of a mail carrier's delivery route. This order is called the Delivery Point Sequence (DPS) and barcode 300 having the DPS allows for automated sorting from posting to delivery. Once mailpieces are prepared with barcode 300 or received by a serving processing center with barcode 300, the mailpieces must be prepared for DPS. This can be done by sorting the mailpieces to a zone or a zip code range. The zoned mail can be run on a DBCS to be placed in DPS, which generally requires two passes on the DBCS. The first pass sorts all mail by delivery stop mixing the mail for all carriers in that zone. The second pass takes all the mixed carrier mail for each delivery stop and separates it by carrier. On this second pass, the sort plan dedicates one pocket (e.g., bin of the DBCS) per carrier and the mail is sorted in the precise order that carrier traverses their route.

By way of analogy, a deck of shuffled cards may be sequenced using 13 pockets and two passes through the cards. During the first pass, the cards can be sorted by rank (e.g., aces, twos, threes, etc.) into 13 pockets with no regard to suit. At the end of the first pass, all the cards in the first pocket would be aces, all the cards in the second pocket would be twos, and all the cards in the last pocket would be kings. During the second pass, the four cards in the first pocket would be fed out of the pocket. Immediately thereafter, the four cards in the second pocket would be fed out. Each pocket would be emptied in a similar manner. Accordingly, during the second pass the cards can be read and resorted into four pockets by suit with no regard to rank. The four aces would end up on the bottom of each of the fourth pockets because these are the first four cards fed out. The twos would be stacked upon each respective ace and so forth. Upon completion a sequenced deck of cards is obtained by sweeping the cards from left to right.

By way of another example, if there are ten carriers in zone 20007, the first pass would assign the first pocket on a DBCS to the first stop or delivery point for all ten carriers, the second pocket for all of their second stops and so forth. Even though the DBCS mixes carriers in each pocket, it ensures that each pocket contains the same stop number for each route. Then the mail in each bin is removed in order from the DBCS and run separately, in order as a second pass. The second pass sorts the contents of each first-sort output bin by carrier. Thus, all the mail for the first stop for the first carrier goes to bin 1, for the first stop for carrier 2 to bin 2, and so on. Then each subsequent output bin of the first sort is run. The DBCS thus sorts each individual carrier's mail into a separate pocket—ten pockets in all for all ten carriers. Accordingly, all the mail is in delivery sequence order for each carrier.

However, as previously discussed, some barcodes 300 may not be resolved by the DBCS which requires the mailpieces to be manually sorted. Referring now to FIG. 6, if barcode 300 is not resolvable (step 600), the mailpieces are manually sorted. At step 602, one or more individuals must read and hand sort the mailpieces. In fact, the mailpieces may actually be manually sorted three times: (1) at the serving processing center (to send it to the delivery postal center); (2) at the receiving delivery postal center (to sort it to the individual carrier); and (3) by the delivery carrier to sort the mailpieces in the order of their delivery route. If, at step 600, barcode 300 of each mailpiece is resolved, all mailpieces may be sorted by zip code range at step 606, for example. At step 608, a first pass of the mailpieces may be run on a DBCS, which may take one or more hours to complete. At step 610, the mailpieces can be sorted by delivery stop. At step 612, a second pass is run on the DBCS, which further sorts the mailpieces by carrier (step 614). At step 604, the mail carrier delivers the sorted mailpieces.

Another process according to one embodiment involves providing barcode 300 on mailpieces that would otherwise go through a manual sort as described with reference to FIG. 7. The DPS sorting process may occur at each serving mail processing center for the carrier offices in that service area. At step 700, all mailpieces may be sorted by zip code range, for example. At step 702, a first pass of the mailpieces may be run on a DBCS. An attempt to resolve barcode 300 is made at step 704. If barcode 300 is not resolvable, the mailpieces can be sent to and run through a labeling machine having an on-board OCR engine, such as a Reject Encoding Machine (REM) at step 714. The REM resolves address 314 at step 716. At step 718, a label can be placed in POSTNET clear zone 108 and barcode 300 may be applied in POSTNET clear zone 108. However, other methods may be used to over-label POSTNET clear zone 108. For example, barcode 300 could be applied to the label before it is applied to POSTNET clear zone 108 of mailpiece 100. In addition, instead of applying a label, POSTNET clear zone 108 could be resurfaced and barcode 300 applied to the new surface. Accordingly, mailpieces that would otherwise go through a manual sort (possibly three times) can be returned to the DBCS in time (e.g., the first pass sort may take one or more hours) to be included in a first pass sort. However, if barcode 300 of each mailpiece was resolved at step 704, the mailpieces can be sorted by delivery stop at step 706. At step 708, a second pass can be run on the DBCS, which further sorts the mailpieces by carrier (step 710). At step 712, the mail carrier can deliver the sorted mailpieces.

Read Reject Processing OSS Rejects Having Window Inserts

As previously discussed, a DPS barcode (such as barcode 300) allows mail to be sorted in the order of a mail carrier's delivery route. However, if address 314 is not resolvable by a system running in ISS mode, barcode 300 will not be applied to mailpiece 100. Mailpieces without a barcode must be manually sorted resulting in inefficiencies for the USPS and possibly delaying the delivery of the mailpieces. Sometimes address 314 is not resolvable because an image of address 314 is not readable. For example, the image of address 314 may not provide sufficient information for the OCR to resolve the address (e.g., the address may be obscured or the print may be too fine to read). In addition, address 314 may not be resolved on mailpieces having window inserts (e.g., a window normally aligned with address 314). For example, the contents (e.g., inserts) of mailpiece 100 may shift within mailpiece 100 obscuring address 314 (e.g., address 314 may fall below the window rendering address 314 unreadable).

With reference to FIG. 8, a process is described that attempts to read and barcode mailpieces. At step 800, mailpieces are run on a system running in ISS mode. An image of the mailpiece (e.g., OCR read area 106) may be captured at step 802 and an ID Tag may be applied to ID Tag clear zone 202 at step 804. If the image does not contain an address, the mailpiece would be placed in a reject bin and manually sorted at step 808. The manual sort step includes reading and hand sorting the mailpieces. The mailpieces must be manually sorted again at a receiving carrier station if the mailpiece is to be delivered in the same city. If the mailpiece is being sent to a different city, the mailpieces need to be manually sorted again at a receiving processing center and a carrier station where a clerk sorts the mailpieces by carrier. The carrier then sorts the mailpieces in the order of delivery on the carrier's route and delivers the mailpieces at step 810.

If an address is in the captured image at step 806, the address is extracted from the image at step 812. At step 814, if an address is resolvable on-line (e.g., on the system running in ISS mode) barcode 300 may be applied in POSTNET clear zone 108 (step 832). The mailpieces can be sorted using barcode 300 at step 834 and delivered at step 810. However, if at step 814 the address is not resolvable, the mailpieces may be run on a backend remote computer recognition (RCR) at step 816. The RCR typically uses advanced OCR algorithms but may take longer (e.g., 30 seconds) to resolve the address. If address 314 is resolvable at step 818, the resolved address 314 may be stored in a database along with the ID Tag associated with the mailpiece. When the mailpieces are run again on an Output Sub-System (OSS) at step 828, the resolved address associated with the ID Tag on the mailpiece is loaded (step 830) and barcode 300 may be applied at step 832 in POSTNET clear zone 108. The mailpieces can be run through a sorting machine (such as a DBCS) at step 834 and delivered at step 810.

If address 314 is not resolvable at step 818, the mailpieces with unresolved addresses are collected at step 820, such as in a reject bin. An image of OCR read area 106 may be sent to a remote encoding center (REC) at step 822 where another attempt to resolve address 314 is made. If address 314 is resolved at step 824, the resolved address associated with the ID Tag on the mailpiece is stored at step 826. The mailpiece can be run on an OSS at step 828 as previously described. However, if address 314 cannot be resolved by the REC at step 824, the mailpieces may be sent to a manual sort center for sorting by hand (step 808). At step 810, the mail carrier delivers the hand sorted mailpieces.

With reference to FIG. 9, a process according to one embodiment attempts to read and barcode mailpieces having an unresolvable address 314 by running the mailpieces on a machine utilizing an advanced OCR recognition system in conjunction with a short distance image capture feed section, such as a reject encoding machine (REM). The REM may utilize a proprietary on-board OCR system in conjunction with a short distance feed section that feeds mailpieces to an image capture device, such as a camera, for imaging. An image may be provided for a “no image” OSS reject that is “no image” because the insert has fallen below a mailpiece window rendering address 314 unreadable.

At step 900, the mailpieces may be inverted by an operator. In addition, the mailpieces may be automatically inverted by a device, such as an automatic inverter. For example, a vacuum may be applied to the mailpiece, allowing the mailpiece to be rotated by a stepper motor or other rotating device. In addition, a gripper (e.g., one attached to an arm of a robot) may rotate the mailpiece. While this could involve rotating the mailpieces 180 degrees, the mailpieces may also be rotated by different degrees, such as 90 degrees (or 270 degrees) if an insert has shifted laterally. At step 902, the mailpieces are agitated in an attempt to align address 314 with the window of the mailpiece. The agitation process may involve shaking the mailpieces on a jogger or shaking table. At step 904 the mailpieces are returned to an upright position. The mailpieces may be inverted manually (e.g., by an operator) or automatically. While this may involve rotating the mailpieces 180 degrees, as previously described, other degrees of rotation may be provided. At step 904, a gentile motion may be needed to ensure the insert does not misalign again. Steps 900, 902, and 904 have ideally caused many of the inserts to return to a visible position in the window. In addition, the leading edge of the mailpieces are still lined up for imaging.

At step 906, mailpieces having an unreadable image or no image OSS rejects are run on a REM. The mailpieces can be transferred to the image capture device using a feeder having a short track at step 908. A short track may prevent the inserts from becoming misaligned before the image capture device acquires an image of address 314. For example, a track of eight to nine inches may be short enough to prevent the inserts from becoming misaligned while a length of four or more feet may be too long (allowing the inserts to settle so that address 314 is no longer visible through the window). However, the track may be longer if a mechanism to prevent the shifting of the insert is used. By way of example, rollers may be used to apply pressure to both sides of the mailpieces, thereby inhibiting the inserts from shifting during travel. At step 910, address 314 is resolved by the REM and barcode 300 is applied to POSTNET clear zone 108 at step 912. The mailpieces can then be sorted at step 914 and delivered at step 916.

Shiny Mail Processing

Shiny mail (e.g., mail with a high degree of gloss) can make a surface of the mailpiece non-porous and resistant to ink from both the barcode 300 sprayers and ID Tag sprayers. When barcode 300 or the ID Tag is applied to shiny mail, the barcode may smudge causing rejection by a POSTNET verifier or an ID Tag reader, and consequently such mail pieces may become rejects on an ISS, OSS, DBCS, or any other equipment that must read barcode 300, the ID Tag, or any other barcode. In prior art, such rejects may be relegated to manual sorting.

With reference to FIG. 10, a process is described for processing shiny mailpieces. At step 1000, mailpieces may be identified as shiny. This could occur as soon as the mailpieces arrive by the mail handler (e.g., on their dock). If the shiny mail is not identified at the dock, it may be identified by a clerk preparing mailpieces for barcoding. It is also possible to detect a shiny mail piece automatically by measuring optical reflection of light on a surface of the mailpiece. If shiny mail is identified at step 1000, the shiny mailpieces may be transferred to a Letter Mail Labeling Machine (LMLM) 1044 (see “B” in the drawing figure), or to a REM, and processed as discussed below.

If shiny mailpieces are not identified at step 1000, the mailpieces may be run on a system running in ISS mode at step 1002. The ISS system may apply an ID Tag to the back of the mail piece, as mentioned earlier. The ISS system captures an image of the mailpiece (at least front side), and attempts to resolve the destination address, block 1052. The ISS may successfully resolve a destination address from the captured image, and if so, it stores the resolved address in association with the mail piece ID Tag, indicated at block 1003. (This data may be stored in the national RBCS database.) Also the ISS may print or spray a barcode 300, corresponding to the destination address, in the POSTNET clear zone, block 1004. If the applied barcode 300 is resolvable at step 1006, the mailpieces may be automatically sorted by DBCS 1042 at step 1008 and delivered at step 1010. In this scenario the handling is fully automated.

Alternatively, at test 1006, the barcode may not be resolvable due to smudging of the ink (e.g., a glossy surface may not adequately absorb the ink), or any other reason. In that case, the logic flows to test 1060 to determine whether the ID Tag is resolvable. If the ID Tag is resolvable, the corresponding address can be determined, e.g. from the RBCS, and the process may proceed to load the resolved address, and print the corresponding bar code in the POSTNET clear zone, see block 1062. From there, the piece may proceed to barcode sorting at block 1008, and delivery. In some systems, once the ID Tag is resolved (1060), the piece may proceed directly to optional sorting 1061 based on the ID Tag data.

If the ID Tag is not resolvable (1060), a test 1012 determines whether or not sufficient time remains to run the mailpieces on the LMLM 1044. If time does not permit the mailpieces to be transported to and run on LMLM 1044 and flowed back to an ISS (e.g., ISS 1046) for recognition and barcoding, an operator may send the shiny mailpieces directly to a manual mail processing section at step 1014. For example, the unresolvable mailpieces may be identified late on Tour 3 (the afternoon shift), when cutoff times on the ISS dictate insufficient time to process on LMLM 1044. Once placed in the manual sort stream, the mailpieces typically remain there for the remainder of the trip to their destination (step 1010). This is costly and may slow down the processing of the mailpieces.

Referring once again to the top of FIG. 10 (ISS processing), if the address was not resolved at step 1052, the address still may be resolved by an RCR or REC at step 1054. If the address is not resolved at step 1054, the mailpiece would be rejected and sent for manual sorting (step 1014) (Reference “A”). If, on the other hand, the address is successfully resolved by either the RCR or REC, the resolved address associated with the ID Tag could be stored at step 1056. The mailpieces then could be run at step 1058 on an Output Sub-System (OSS). The OSS process 1058 includes reading the bar code. See dashed line to test 1006. If the bar code is resolved, the flow proceeds to sorting 1008, etc. If the OSS cannot resolve the bar code, it tests whether the ID Tag is resolvable at step 1060. If it is, the stored address associated with the ID Tag can be loaded and a corresponding barcode may be applied to POSTNET clear zone at step 1062, as discussed above. The mailpieces then may be sent to DBCS 1042 at step 1008 for sorting and delivery at step 1010.

However, if the ID Tag was not resolvable at test 1060, a determination can be made, test 1012, as to whether sufficient time remains to run the mailpiece on LMLM 1044 at step 1012. The mailpieces can be transferred to LMLM 1044 if sufficient time remains to run the mailpieces at step 1016. LMLM 1044 essentially over-labels each mailpiece (e.g., places a label over POSTNET clear zone 108 or ID Tag clear zone 202). At box 1018, LMLM 1044 may over-label ID Tag clear zone 202, POSTNET clear zone 108, or both. (The new label is non-shiny.) In some embodiments, the mailpieces may be placed on a feeder backwards to allow labels to be applied to the back of the mailpieces in ID Tag clear zone 202. These mailpieces can be re-run on the front so a label can be applied over POSTNET clear zone 108. Over-labeling both sides (e.g., ID Tag clear zone 202 and POSTNET clear zone 108) can provide a fresh start when both barcode 300 and the ID Tag are not resolvable. In other cases, the mailpieces may only be run on the front, allowing barcode 300 to be applied to POSTNET clear zone 108. Over-labeling only the front side may save time especially if mail is only going to be run on a MLOCR.

After over-labeling, the mailpieces may be brought back to an ISS 1046 at step 1020 in which a new image may be captured, and a new ID Tag will be applied. At step 1022, a resolve attempt is made for the address. If the address is resolved, the barcode is applied to POSTNET clear zone at step 1024. The mailpieces may then be sorted at step 1026 on DBCS 1050, and delivered at step 1028.

Finally, if the address cannot be resolved on ISS 1046, another attempt may be made at resolving the address at step 1030 (which may be on a separate machine 1048) and a barcode may not be applied until the mailpiece is re-run on an OSS. If address 314 is resolvable at step 1030, barcode 300 may be applied at step 1032 to POSTNET clear zone 108. The mailpieces can be run through DBCS 1050 for sorting and delivery at step 1028. However, if address 314 is not resolvable at step 1030 (and possibly if there is no ID Tag), the mailpiece may be manually sorted at step 1034 and delivered at step 1028.

With reference to FIG. 11, a process according to one embodiment is described that attempts to over-label shiny mailpieces by running the mailpieces on a machine that over-labels and applies barcode 300 in one step, such as a reject encoding machine (REM). That is, in an embodiment, the reject machine over-labels the POSTNET clear zone and or the ID Tag zone, “reads” or recognizes the address, updates the mail piece data (e.g. in the RBCS), and prints the new bar code. In this way, a single machine may be used to process rejected mailpieces, and return them ready for sorting. The pieces may have been rejected due to “shiny mail” effects or other problems, as further explained below. Processing the mailpieces in one step may save time and handling, and allow processing of mailpiece rejects late in a given shift that otherwise may not have processed due to time constraints. In addition, mail may be moved to a downstream DBCS sooner and allows late tour rejects to be re-introduced to the automated mail stream rather than being relegated to a manual stream.

If shiny mail is identified at step 1100 (e.g., a piece of equipment may be used to identify the shiny mail by measuring a reflectivity of a surface of the mailpiece (or a human that is trained may determine a batch of mail such as a tray or hamper full may be to shiny/slick and proactively direct the mail to the REM)), the shiny mailpieces may be transferred to REM 1142. However, if the shiny mailpieces are not identified at step 1100, the mailpieces may be run through an ISS at step 1102. The ISS may resolve address 314 at step 1152 and apply barcode 300 in POSTNET clear zone 108 at step 1104. If barcode 300 is resolvable (step 1106), the mailpieces may be automatically sorted by DBCS 1144 at step 1116 and delivered at step 1118. However, at step 1106, barcode 300 may not be resolvable due to smudging of the ink (e.g., the glossy surface may not absorb the ink). The unresolvable mailpieces may be transferred to and run on REM 1142 at step 1108.

If address 314 is not resolved at step 1152, the address may be resolved by an RCR or REC at step 1154. If the address is not resolved at step 1154, the mailpieces may be run on REM 1142 instead of sending them through a manual sort. However, if address 314 was resolved at step 1154, the resolved address associated with the ID Tag could be stored at step 1156. The mailpieces could be run at step 1158 on an Output Sub-System (OSS). If the ID Tag is resolvable at step 1160, the address associated with the ID Tag can be loaded and barcode 300 may be applied to POSTNET clear zone 108 at step 1162. The mailpieces may be sent to DBCS 1144 at step 1116 for sorting and delivery at step 1118. However, if the ID Tag was not resolvable at step 1160, the mailpieces may be run on REM 1142 at step 1108.

At step 1110, a label may be placed in POSTNET clear zone 108. If address 314 is resolved at step 1112 (e.g., if the recognition system determines a full destination barcode 300), the mailpieces may receive barcode 300 at step 1114 and may be sent to DBCS 1144 for downstream processing (e.g., sorting at step 1116 and delivery at step 1118). At step 1120, mailpieces with unresolved addresses may be re-run (this time with a back side to a labeler) at step 1120 to apply a label to the ID Tag clear zone 202 at step 1122.

At step 1124, the mailpieces can be run on ISS 1146. At step 1126, a resolve attempt is made for address 314. If address 314 is resolved, barcode 300 is applied to POSTNET clear zone 108 at step 1128. The mailpieces may then be sorted (using barcode 300) at step 1116 on DBCS 1144 and delivered at step 1118. If address 314 can not be resolved on ISS 1146, another attempt may be made at resolving the address at step 1130 (which may be on a separate machine 1148) and barcode 300 may not be applied until the mailpiece is re-run on an OSS. If address 314 is resolvable at step 1130, barcode 300 may be applied at step 1132 in POSTNET clear zone 108. The mailpieces can be run through DBCS 1116 for sorting and delivery at step 1118. However, if address 314 is not resolvable at step 1130, the mailpiece may be manually sorted at step 1134 and delivered at step 1118.

Accordingly, cost savings may be achieved when mailpieces are run on REM 1142 and receive barcode 300 in one step. In addition, mailpieces that would otherwise be sent to for manual processing (e.g., because there is insufficient time in the tour for LMLM and ISS type processing) may be processed on REM 1142 and redirected to DBCS 1144, even if the rejects were identified late in a shift. Therefore, processing on REM 1142 may save additional handling on ISS 1140. In addition, mailpieces identified late in the tour may still be processed (using automation) on REM 1142 and DBCS 1144 thereby preventing the mailpieces from flowing to manual handling and all subsequent manual handlings.

Above we referred to “software” in various contexts, for example, software associated with a Reject Encoding Machine (REM) or an OCR recognition system. We use the term software in its commonly understood sense to refer to computer programs or routines (subroutines, objects, plug-ins, etc. etc.). As is well known, computer programs generally comprise instructions that are stored in machine-readable or computer-readable storage media. Some embodiments of the present invention may include executable programs or instructions that are stored in machine-readable or computer-readable storage media, such as a digital memory. We do not imply that a “computer” in the conventional sense is required in any particular embodiment. For example, various processors, embedded or otherwise, may be used in equipment such as the machines described herein.

Memory for storing software again is well known. We elaborate briefly here out of deference to recent policies in the PTO allegedly based on Section 101 of the patent law. In some embodiments, memory associated with a given processor may be stored in the same physical device as the processor (“on-board” memory); for example, RAM or FLASH memory disposed within an integrated circuit microprocessor or the like. In other examples, the memory comprises an independent device, such as an external disk drive, storage array, or portable FLASH key fob. In such cases, the memory becomes “associated” with the digital processor when the two are operatively coupled together, or in communication with each other, for example by an I/O port, network connection, etc. such that the processor can read a file stored on the memory. Associated memory may be “read only” by design (ROM) or by virtue of permission settings, or not. Other examples include but are not limited to WORM, EPROM, EEPROM, FLASH, etc. Those technologies often are implemented in solid state semiconductor devices. Other memories may comprise moving parts, such a conventional rotating disk drive. All such memories are “machine readable” or “computer-readable” and may be used store executable instructions for implementing various embodiments of the present invention for mail piece sorting and related operations.

A “software product” refers to a memory device in which a series of executable instructions are stored in a machine-readable form so that a suitable machine or processor, with appropriate access to the software product, can execute the instructions to carry out a process implemented by the instructions. Any type of machine-readable memory, including without limitation those summarized above, may be used to make a software product. That said, it is also known that software can be distributed via electronic transmission, in which case there typically will be a corresponding software product at the transmitting end of the transmission, or the receiving end, or both. 

The invention claimed is:
 1. A non-transitory machine-readable digital memory device comprising: a series of executable instructions stored in the machine-readable digital memory device, wherein the executable instructions are adapted for operating a reject encoding machine (REM); and wherein the executable instructions include: first instructions for the REM to identify a mailpiece as being shiny mail; second instructions for the REM to, in response to identifying the mailpiece as being shiny mail, over-label the mailpiece with at least one non-shiny label; third instructions for the REM to recognize a destination address of the mailpiece based on a captured digital image; fourth instructions for the REM to print a barcode corresponding to the destination address onto the non-shiny label; and fifth instructions for the REM to output the mailpiece for return to downstream processing.
 2. The non-transitory machine-readable digital memory device of claim 1, wherein: the second instructions for the REM to over-label the mailpiece with at least one non-shiny label comprises instructions for the REM to automatically apply a non-shiny label in a POSTNET clear zone on a front side of the mailpiece; and the fourth instructions for the REM to print a barcode corresponding to the destination address onto the non-shiny label comprises instructions for controlling the REM to print the barcode onto the non-shiny label applied in the POSTNET clear zone.
 3. The non-transitory machine-readable digital memory device of claim 1, wherein the second instructions for the REM to over-label the mailpiece with at least one non-shiny label comprises instructions for controlling the REM to apply a non-shiny label to an ID Tag clear zone on the back side of the mailpiece.
 4. The non-transitory machine-readable digital memory device of claim 1, wherein the executable instructions further include sixth instructions for the REM to apply a non-shiny label to an ID Tag clear zone on the back side of the mailpiece in response to determining that the third instructions for the REM to recognize a destination address of the mailpiece does not succeed in determining the destination address.
 5. A reject encoding machine (REM) including a digital processor configured to execute a series of executable instructions stored in a non-transitory machine-readable digital memory device, wherein the executable instructions include: instructions for the REM to identify a mailpiece as being shiny mail; instructions for the REM to, in response to identifying the mailpiece as being shiny mail, over-label the mailpiece with at least one non-shiny label; instructions for the REM to recognize a destination address of the mailpiece based on a captured digital image; instructions for the REM to print a barcode corresponding to the destination address onto the non-shiny label; and instructions for the REM to output the mailpiece for return to downstream processing.
 6. The REM of claim 5, wherein the executable instructions further comprise: instructions for applying a label in the ID Tag clear zone on the mailpiece so as to over-label any pre-existing label in the ID Tag clear zone; instructions for transferring the mailpiece to a processing machine operating in an Input Sub-System (ISS) mode of operation; and instructions for printing a barcode in a POSTNET clear zone on the mailpiece that corresponds to the resolved address.
 7. The REM of claim 5, wherein the executable instructions further comprise instructions for accessing a Remote Encoding Center (REC) or using Remote Computer Recognition (RCR) to resolve the address.
 8. The REM of claim 5, wherein both over-labeling and printing the destination barcode onto the non-shiny label are performed in a single machine.
 9. The REM of claim 5, wherein the executable instructions further comprise instructions for transferring the mailpiece to a reject encoding machine (REM) for both over-labeling the mailpiece and printing the destination barcode onto a new label.
 10. The REM of claim 9, wherein the executable instructions further comprise instructions for transferring the mailpiece from the REM into a downstream delivery bar code sorter, thereby re-introducing the mailpiece into the automated mail stream rather than being relegated to a manual stream.
 11. The REM of claim 5, wherein the destination barcode printed on the label comprises one of an 11-digit delivery point code, a 9-digit zip code, and a 5-digit barcode representing zip code only.
 12. The REM of claim 5, wherein the means for over-labeling the mailpiece comprises means for automatically over-labeling the mailpiece with at least one non-shiny label in response to identifying the mailpiece as being shiny mail.
 13. A reject encoding machine (REM) including a digital processor configured to execute a series of executable instructions stored in a non-transitory machine-readable digital memory device, the REM further comprising: means for identifying a mailpiece as being shiny mail; means for over-labeling the mailpiece with at least one non-shiny label in response to identifying the mailpiece as being shiny mail; means for recognizing a destination address of the mailpiece based on a captured digital image; means for printing a barcode corresponding to the recognized destination address onto the non-shiny label; and means to output the mailpiece for return to downstream processing.
 14. The REM of claim 13 wherein: the means for over-labeling the mailpiece comprises means for automatically applying a non-shiny label in a POSTNET clear zone on a front side of the mailpiece; and the means for printing a barcode comprises means for printing the barcode onto the non-shiny label applied in the POSTNET clear zone.
 15. The REM of claim 13 wherein the means for over-labeling the mailpiece comprises means for applying a non-shiny label to an ID Tag clear zone on the back side of the mailpiece.
 16. The REM of claim 13 further comprising means for applying a non-shiny label to an ID Tag clear zone on the back side of the mailpiece in response to determining that the means for recognizing does not succeed in recognizing the destination address. 